Thousands of villagers moved to emergency shelters and thousands more were stranded in airports and seaports after the coast guard prohibited ferries from venturing out in the rough seas and several flights were cancelled.
An inter-island ferry sank off north-eastern Quezon province on Thursday after being lashed by fierce winds and big waves, leaving at least five people dead.
More than 250 passengers and crewmen were rescued.
Residents evacuate to a safer place in Kabacan, North Cotabato, on the southern island of Mindanao
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Tembin, known locally as Vinta, strengthened and picked up speed late on Saturday, packing maximum sustained winds of 65mph and gusts of up to 90mph.
It struck the southern section of western Palawan province late on Saturday and is forecast to blow away from the southern Philippines on Sunday towards the South China Sea.
"It is unfortunate that another tropical cyclone, Vinta, made its presence felt so near Christmas," presidential spokesman Harry Roque Jr said.
He added that food packs and other aid is being distributed in storm-hit communities.
Earlier in the week, a tropical storm left more than 50 people dead and 31 others missing, mostly due to landslides, and damaged more than 10,000 houses in the central Philippines before weakening and blowing into the South China Sea.
Among the areas battered by Tembin was Marawi, a lakeside city in Lanao del Sur which was still recovering from a five-month siege by pro-Islamic State group extremists that left more than 1,000 people dead.