Heathrow said the M4 widening may be unnecessary if passengers can be persuaded to switch to public transport. The taxpayer could fund a share of other schemes if they deliver a wider benefit to the national infrastructure.
A Heathrow spokesman said the Airports Commission’s work was ongoing, adding: “The Commission’s (...) analysis of road traffic does not yet account for mitigation measures proposed by Heathrow. These include the airport providing incentives for people to use public transport [and] reducing staff car parking spaces.”
Gatwick said its own £787 million package of “surface access” ugrades, including improvements to the M23 junctions 8-9 and changes to the A23, would be funded by the private sector.