The Livingstone regime brokered a three-year pay deal with the RMT and Aslef, which reduced the number and regularity of strikes. But industrial action never stopped completely: the unions have long used the strike ballot and threats of two-day stoppages as a way of keeping up pressure on London Underground bosses. And the failure of successive Conservative and Labour governments to back the Tube's management in sorting out the militancy of the drivers, in particular, has left us with a transport system permanently at risk of strikes.