In truth, while Asimov's robot stories have a certain ingenuity, the plots are clunky and the characters good old-fashioned cardboard cut-outs. It's easy to see why his work has had to wait for a director. He lacks the mystical codswallop of Clarke, which inspired Stanley Kubrick's 2001 (1968), or the metaphysical depth of Dick, which gave rise to Ridley Scott's Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's Total Recall (1990) and Steven Spielberg's AI (2001).