In the UK former Education Secretary Michael Gove pushed schools away from the kind of vocational courses provided by Pearson offshoot Edexcel, where enrolments in some areas have halved from the peak.
In South Africa sales of text books, where Pearson has 40% of the market, have declined by 70% on two years ago.
Fallon said: “We need to make sure that every part of Pearson is pulling its weight and generating growth. That means cutting the cost base and focusing on fewer bigger opportunities.”
Around 500 jobs are expected to go in the UK.
Pearson shares rose 53.5p, or 8%, to 711p partly because it committed to continue paying the same dividend for the next couple of years even while its earnings fall.